(2002) and puma alife Muckenhirn and Eisenberg (1973) inferred that the high level of overlap found for female jaguars, pumas, and leopards was influenced by seasonally clumped distributions of prey species around permanent water holes. Seidensticker et al. (1973) suggested that ranges of female pumas overlapped in response to the migratory movement of deer between seasons. Among large cats in general, higher densities of females with small and stable ranges are associated with exclusive home ranges of males for dominant individuals, presumably maximizing the number of monitored females.

If distribution patterns of males are dictated by the strategy that maximizes the number of mating opportunities for the dominant males ( Sandell 1989 ), subordinates may be more focused on finding food and consequently have similar land-tenure strategies as females. In a study of jaguars in Belize, Rabinowitz and Nottingham (1986) found high overlap of males within an area of high puma athletic shoes overall population density sustained by abundant and easy-to-catch nine-banded armadillos ( Dasypus novemcinctus ). Although little was known about ranges of females, this pattern contrasts with the expectation that abundant prey would give rise to small, exclusive ranges for females and larger, exclusive ranges for males.

A similar problem puma basket black of inadequate sample sizes and unknown number of individuals is apparent in studies of coexistence between species, which is often explained for carnivores by differentiation of prey selection, activity patterns, or habitat. However, the mechanisms of sympatric coexistence of jaguars and pumas elude such distinctions. Diet studies have shown overlap in food selection across their range, making them potential competitors ( Crawshaw and Quigley 2002 ; Emmons 1987 ; Leite and Galvão 2002 ; Novack et al. 2005 ; Núñez et al. 2000 ; Scognamillo et al. 2003 ; Taber et al. 1997 ).

Temporal avoidance or attraction puma basket bow of jaguars and pumas was further analyzed by comparing the number of days between consecutive jaguar jaguar captures, puma puma captures, jaguar puma captures, and puma jaguar captures at a camera station. A general linear model was run on the response of capture interval, calculated between each capture and the next. These data were tested against cross factors "Capturel," identifying the initial capture as either jaguar or puma, and "Capture2," identifying the subsequent capture as either jaguar or puma. Camera location was added to the model as a random block creating the following model:The response was logio-transformed to approximate a normal distribution of the residuals and equal variances.

A single run consisted of all consecutive captures of the same species (Jaguar or puma). The frequencies of runs of consecutive captures of the same and different species through time indicated to what extent the species attracted or avoided each other. A clustered distribution (few runs) occurred when each species had more consecutive captures than expected at random, indicating avoidance between the 2 species. A regular distribution (many short runs) occurred when the 2 species had fewer consecutive captures than expected at random, indicating attraction between species. puma basket heart black

This suggests the possibility of an inverse relationship of the sort jaguar × puma = constant. However, log 10 (month/jaguar) was not correlated with log 10 (puma/month) ( r = 0.08, P = 0.35). The capture rates per location-month thus were uncorrelated but not simultaneously high in general. No single location biased the pattern in Fig. 4b , with correlations for individual camera locations of "0.8 r <� 0.5, indicating no fixed relation between capture rates at any given location.The interval between consecutive jaguar captures did not differ significantly from that between consecutive puma captures ( Table 1 ).